Espresso is made by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee under pressure. The result is a concentrated drink with a deep flavor, creamy body, and a golden layer on top called crema.
Many popular drinks start with espresso, including cappuccino, latte, and americano. Because it is concentrated, espresso often tastes stronger than drip coffee, but that does not always mean it contains dramatically more caffeine per serving.
A good espresso depends on fresh beans, fine grinding, correct water temperature, and the right extraction time. Small changes can affect balance, sweetness, and bitterness.